This case study reviews the World Food Programme’s (WFP) support to social protection in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania since the launch of its 2019–2023 Country Strategic Plan. It assesses how WFP has supported the 12 building blocks of Mauritania’s national social protection system as outlined in WFP’s Strategy for Support to Social Protection, focusing on adaptive social protection and WFP’s collaboration with the World Bank on the national Social Registry and shock response. This was a lighttouch exercise, undertaken through a rapid literature review and interviews with current WFP staff and partners. It is part of a suite of country case studies undertaken for WFP by researchers at the Institute of Development Studies, to create a portfolio of learning on WFP’s work on enabling social protection around the world.