The paper argues that if citizens want labour market programs that foster adaptation then they need radical change. They need to build individual capabilities – not just in terms of vocational skills, but in the ability to make effective decisions. The risks and social costs associated with work in a labour market that is increasingly volatile need to be shared. Adaptation is not just a task for the unemployed, it is also a challenge for employers. They need to be engaged in a discussion of how structures can be adapted to support inclusion of those currently outside the workforce.