Belgium’s pension system is made up of public, occupational and private pension schemes. The public pension scheme is earnings-related and is supplemented by a means-tested social assistance pension scheme. The public pension scheme covers three different groups of professionally active persons: (i) employees (4.5 million), (ii) self-employed persons (1.1 million), and (iii) civil servants, including teachers (0.7 million). Different pension rights and calculation methods apply to the different groups. Additional special pension schemes exist for specific categories of workers, such as miners, aircrew of civil aviation, professional journalists and commercial seafarers. By eliminating some of the obsolete measures, the focus could shift towards moving more means towards a coherent universal basic pension scheme, supplemented by an earnings-related pension, that provide more effective protection for all. Hence, the different schemes need to be disentangled both in legal and economic terms. This fundamental approach, however, calls for strong political will, as well as a policy vision that dares to unite the needs of current and future generations of pensioners.