Humanitarian agencies and donors are increasingly advocating for the use of cash-based assistance (CBA), recognising its flexibility and potential to empower affected communities. Both the Grand Bargain and the Cash Learning Partnership have been at the forefront of promoting the integration of CBA programming into standard humanitarian responses. Given the evolving complexity of crises, understanding how these programmes are locally implemented and interact with the socio-political and economic realities of their specific contexts is critical. CBA is often implemented in conjunction with other forms of assistance – such as in-kind support and service provision – highlighting the importance of a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach to address the diverse and layered needs of vulnerable populations.

This SSHAP Brief explores the role and implications of CBA in humanitarian efforts within the complex environments of Lebanon and Syria. It aims to provide a contextualised understanding of CBA – its potential and challenges, including how these programmes function alongside more traditional approaches to assistance delivery. Humanitarian actors often navigate logistical obstacles, such as access to financial services and beneficiary verification, while witnessing the immediate impact of inflation and market instability on the purchasing power of households receiving cash assistance. Their perspectives highlight the importance of adapting assistance strategies to local contexts, emphasising that what works in one area may not necessarily apply in another.

This brief presents case studies and data from Lebanon and Syria, along with field workers’ viewpoints. It draws on academic and grey literature, including reports from leading NGOs and government agencies. The evidence is backed up by consultations and informal conversations with stakeholders involved in CBA programmes in Lebanon and Syria.