This research investigates the barriers which low-income and vulnerable families with children face in accessing poverty-targeted social assistance (Targeted Social Assistance, TSA and the State Child Allowance, SCA2) and special social services. It focuses on children living in households, rather than those residing in institutions. Moreover, with respect to special social services, the study primarily covers children with disabilities and those with limited capacities. The research is undertaken prior to the nationwide rollout of reforms on social assistance which is scheduled from January 2018.