The aim of this report is to understand the challenges and opportunities of social protection systems in OIC member countries. This is achieved by exploring the coverage of the social protection programmes at various levels or stages of economic development. The objectives of this report are to: i. provide a detailed audit of social protection strategies, policies and institutions in the OIC member countries ii. map out the social and economic situation of vulnerable groups in OIC members states iii. analyse where OIC member countries stand in light of the new global trends in social protection policies iv. highlight the main challenges facing the increased coverage of the social protection systems in these countries and to provide policy options and recommendations to help overcome these challenges.