As demonstrated by the country’s constitution and its acceptance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Algeria is committed to tackling inequality and social exclusion. However, the current social protection system – inclusive of social security, healthcare and pensions, among other aspects – is struggling under increasing financial strain. The lack of a strategic approach to social protection policies is impacting Algeria’s citizens. This paper assesses the country’s current social protection space and explores the options for improving outcomes and funding, including universal basic income, raising contributory revenues through the expansion of social security coverage, and combating illicit financial flows. This research paper provides the first comprehensive mapping of the social protection space in Algeria, highlighting the broad activities led by government entities and the important role of homegrown civil society organizations (CSOs) and community-based organizations. The paper also provides a snapshot of public opinion on key social protection issues. With increasing demand for social protection across the region, the assessment here illustrates a range of issues and solutions that are applicable not only to Algeria but across the Middle East.