Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programmes are social protection programmes designed to address vulnerability, poverty and human capital development in many developing countries. However, the effects of CCTs on poverty reduction and human capital development vary across regions and countries. Following the launch and subsequent implementation of CCTs in Nigeria between 2007 and 2008, Nigeria became one of several developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa with CCTs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability amongst the core poor through human capital development. However, ten years after the initial introduction of CCTs in Nigeria, very few empirical studies have examined their implementation and effects on poverty reduction and human capital development.