This chapter contributes to a broader understanding of the evidence on how SSNs in Africa affect gender equality and women’s empowerment. First, it describes the motivations for gender-sensitive SSNs and takes stock of ways in which gender is factored into SSN design. Second, it summarizes evidence from rigorous evaluations of the impact of SSNs on women’s well-being across five key domains. This section includes a summary of literature on program design features within the impact evaluations reviewed, in order to understand how much is known about gender-sensitive design features—and whether they truly result in better outcomes for women. The chapter closes with recommendations for future research on how to improve the impact of SSNs in Africa on gender equality and women’s empowerment.