This study aims to investigate the connection between conditional cash transfers (CCTs) and stunting and identify the factors contributing to stunting among Indonesia’s poor.The analysis relies on the data collected in 2007and 2009. Infantsaged 0–36 monthsfrom families receiving CCTs were compared with a control group using the randomized controlled trial (RCT) method. These infants from poor households,who were stunted, and were notexclusively breastfed,were selected randomly. The data were analyzed using logistic regression with the STATA program (v.13). The research findings showthat CCTsalone can not impact the prevalence of stunting.In order to optimize the effectiveness of the CCT scheme, factorsrelated to the mother’s age at childbirth, education, employment, the sex of the household head,and the geographic condition should be taken into account. Thisresearch would reinforce the need for CCT programs linked closely in design with effective social behavior change programs. The study recommends further research examininghow CCT would impact stunting among groups in low-income families.