It is increasingly recognised that there is a need to understand the intersections between gender and social protection to achieve inclusive and effective social protection systems.1 The Australian Government’s Partnerships for Social Protection (P4SP) program and Sustineo have published an Annotated Bibliography and Evidence Review outlining the current evidence landscape from available literature on social protection in the Pacific and Timor-Leste, including a short analysis of gender and social protection. This brief builds on this foundation, exploring the evidence related to social protection and gender, highlighting key findings, summarising the most prevalent voices in this field, and identifying areas where further research is needed.