In many Arab countries affected by armed conflict and occupation, non-State institutions often become front line assistance providers, as statutory provision of social protection and social services breaks down or is limited.

This study examines the role of non-State institutions in the West Bank, with particular focus on the zakat system. It finds that this system makes essential contributions to the provision of social protection and social services to West Bank residents, but that efforts are needed to improve targeting, financing and coordinating assistance with other social protection actors.