The purpose of this report is to assist the Government of the Maldives in the design and implementation of social protection reforms, in particular for pensions and safety nets. The report includes an overview of poverty, risk and vulnerability in Maldives as well as analysis of the role and effectiveness of pensions and social assistance policies in helping poor households mitigate and cope with risks. Based on the analysis, the study delineates a menu of options for reform of the existing pension and social safety net system. The report has been prepared in close consultation with the Government of the Maldives.