The Sandwich Generation: The Case for a Consumption-Based Contributory Pension
The Sandwich Generation: The Case for a Consumption-Based Contributory Pension
In Malaysia, the rising financial pressures on the "sandwich generation"— adults caught between supporting their aging parents and their own children— have brought to light the significant shortcomings in the nation's pension system. The current structure, heavily reliant on saving based on contribution record and career wage, is leaving many elderly Malaysians without adequate income security. As a result, a substantial number of senior citizens are forced to depend on financial support from their children, creating a burden on middle-aged adults who are already stretched thin by their multiple responsibilities. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes the introduction of a ConsumptionBased Contributory Pension (CBCP) as a sustainable and equitable solution. Unlike traditional pension schemes that rely on direct payments from labor income, the CBCP introduces a 2-percent contribution linked directly to consumption, harnesses the economic activity of all residents, regardless of their employment status. As all citizens contribute to the CBCP, coverage can be extended to all senior citizens, with or without employment record, benefiting especially women and those who are in unstable forms of employment that are currently excluded from any form of old age income security. The CBCP offers a distinct advantage by directly linking the 2-percent consumption contribution to a tangible social benefit—a flat-rate pension for senior citizens. This direct connection between contributions and benefits could make the CBCP more palatable to the public, positioning it as a progressive policy that not only addresses old-age income security but also alleviates the financial pressures on the sandwich generation.