The 1.5-degree warming target of the Paris Agreement can only be achieved through a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), which will require the rapid implementation of bold GHG mitigation policies. This study explores how social protection can contribute to successfully achieving this goal by compensating for the adverse effects of some Climate Change Mitigation (CCM) policies essential for emission control. By drawing on current literature, the study summarises how social protection can mitigate the effects of three major CCM approaches – Energy Subsidy Reform (ESR), Carbon Taxation and the green transition. It also sets out recommendations for designing and implementing social protection systems to support these three approaches, including recommendations for development partner investment.