The main goal of this publication is to alert on the impacts of surveillance technologies and digitization initiatives to the exercise of social and economic rights and the increase of inequality. A real exercise of digital sovereignty in Latin America has to start from a critical analysis of the purposes and limits for the use of technologies at the public level and on the conditions under which such initiatives should be implemented. The case studies presented in sequence only show the challenges that persist for that the integration of digital technologies can serve the people in most need. It is crucial that any of these uses are sustained by strong data protection frameworks and guarantees, as well as adequate transparency measures and opportunities for multistakeholder participation, particularly of the groups that may be negatively affected by erroneous implementations or abusive uses of data.