Protecting individuals’ Personal Data is an integral part of protecting their life, integrity and dignity. This is why Personal Data protection is of fundamental importance for Humanitarian Organizations. In suggesting how data protection principles should be applied by Humanitarian Organizations, this Handbook builds on existing guidelines, working procedures and practices that have been established in Humanitarian Action in the most volatile environments and for the benefit of the most vulnerable victims of armed conflicts, other situations of violence, natural disasters, pandemics and other Humanitarian Emergencies (together “Humanitarian Emergencies”). Some of these guidelines, procedures and practices pre-date the advent and development of data protection laws, but they all are based on the principle of human dignity and the same concept of protection which underpin data protection law. These guidelines have been set out, notably, in the Professional Standards for Protection Work. In recent years, the development of new technologies allowing for easier and faster Processing of ever-increasing quantities of Personal Data in an inter-connected world has given rise to concerns about the possible intrusion into the private sphere of individuals. Regulatory efforts around the globe are ongoing to respond to these concerns.