Gender differences arise from the socially determined relationships between men and women, and the roles that men and women play in society show similarities and differences across classes and societies. Ending hunger, reducing poverty, boosting intra-African trade, and increasing resilience to climate and other risks will require examining how gender differences affect our ability to achieve these outcomes. This means paying attention to both women and men, and not just to women alone. Additionally, ensuring accountability for reaching and maintaining the goals outlined in the Malabo Declaration will require data systems that examine gendered gaps in processes and outcomes. The 2019 Annual Trends and Outlook Report applies a gender lens to several issues that must be addressed to fully achieve the goals outlined by the Malabo Declaration. It uses a gender, agriculture, and assets framework that examines intersections between gender and (1) the context and institutions within which rural people operate; (2) the natural resources that they depend on for agriculture, sources of vulnerability, and resilience to shocks; (3) assets; and (4) livelihood strategies.