The key objective of the report is to assess existing protection gaps based on the analysis of 16 key social protection programmes in implementation in Nepal in FY 2020-21. The programmes identified for analysis constitute a significant percentage of the beneficiaries and absorbs more than 90 per cent of the total budget allocation for social protection programmes. This report is part of a series of studies on the potential pathways to extend social security for all in Nepal within a sustainable fiscal framework under the European Commission- Directorate-General for International Partnerships financed project on Enhancing Social Protection System: Towards Investments for Results in Nepal. The series will also include a costing exercise to estimate financing gaps and a fiscal space analysis on the potential avenues to mobilise domestic resources to finance economically sustainable social protection system in the country