Cash transfers have become an increasingly common form of social assistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), with a growing literature on their multidimensional effects on individual and household welfare. This literature has demonstrated the efficacy of cash transfers in improving core poverty-reduction outcomes, such as increased expenditure on household needs, school attendance, and the use of health services. Cash transfers have also become a more common, although still relatively small, modality of assistance in humanitarian crises. Although the evidence base on cash transfers in humanitarian contexts is more limited, it similarly supports the conclusion that transfers are effective in addressing basic needs outcomes, including food security and food and non-food household expenditure. Advocates for the use of cash transfers in humanitarian settings further argue that cash modalities are more respectful of beneficiaries’ needs, more transparent, and more cost-effective than traditional delivery of in-kind aid.