For  years,  conditional  cash  transfer  programs have   delivered   improvements   in   several   wel- fare-enhancing  dimensions.  Critics  argue  that such programs run the risk of creating a culture of dependence. However, these programs may relieve time, psychological and financial constraints that prevent beneficiaries from working. The roll-out of the Bono Juancito Pinto, a nationwide conditional cash transfer program in Bolivian public schools, makes it possible to test whether these programs  decrease  work  incentives  among  parents  of  eligible  children  or  relieve  constraints that prevent them from working more and generating more income.