This literature review looks at how SSNs better can integrate a gender-relational lens, including an analysis of masculinities and power dynamics, with the aim of making them more effective and sustainable. Social protection systems are highligthed in Agenda 2030 as an important tool to reduce poverty. Different forms of Social Safety Net programs (SSNs), like cash transfers, in-kind food aid or public work programs are rapidly becoming cornerstones in many national poverty reduction strategies and international development programs.

In-depth gender-relational analysis has not typically been part of social protection system design. However, according to the report authors, a gender transformative approach, including a focus on masculinities, would increase the understanding of underlying intrahousehold dynamics. These dynamics influence program outcomes and a gender transformative approach could possibly have a positive impact towards equality.