The rapid expansion of social protection programs in response to growing economic volatility at the country and household levels has heightened interest from governments and donors alike in their governance. One reason is to ensure the efficient and effective...
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The book has four specific objectives: (a) to discuss the role of retirement income transfers in the context of a strategy for expanding old-age income security and preventing poverty among the elderly; (b) to take stock of international experience with the...
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Pensions and social insurance programs that address the risks of death, disability and old age faced by all households are an integral part of any social protection system. The dual objectives of such systems are to provide protection against poverty and...
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This note summarizes activation policy strategies in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Policy makers can choose from a broad menu of options. Each of them comes with potential strengths and weaknesses, but there can also...
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Middle childhood (approximately 6-12 years old) is a crucial time for developing cognitive and socio emotional competencies, and economic crises can affect children's development with long-lasting consequences for adolescence and adulthood. This note provides...
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Adolescence is a demanding and critical period in life. Failure to meet certain developmental milestones can have serious short- and long-term implications for the individual and society at large. This note provides an overview of how economic shocks can...
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